Emergency Management Law

DoD Immediate Response Authority

Though there are a plethora of issues surrounding use of the Military in a disaster; under the Immediate Response Authority, military commanders are allowed to provide limited assistance in life-threatening situations for limited durations.

What Is the Immediate Response Authority?

Defense Support of Civil Authorities (“DSCA”) is the federal policy that allows Department of Defense (“DoD”) resources—be it personnel, equipment, or facilities—to support entities at the state and local level to respond to disasters and other emergency conditions. [1] Under this program is the

A handout aerial image released by the US Army on 15 September 2013 shows 2nd General Support Aviation Battalion, 4th Combat Aviation Brigade, 4th Infantry Division, soldiers evacuating fifth-grade students from Firewood Elementary. Courtney of Daily Mail UK. Click Image to read the full article.

Immediate Response Authority (“IRA”). Normally, a request for use of DoD assets to preform DSCA missions (i.e. respond to a crisis or emergency) requires the President or Secretary of Defense to approve a written request from the supported entity. [2] However, IRA allows for this request process to be short-circuited in some circumstances. IRA allows for military commanders to respond

to a DSCA request from local civil authorities under “imminently serious conditions [ ] if time does

not permit approval from higher authority….” [3] The key here is that the power to provide this response is temporary and limited to only situations which are aimed to “prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage.” [4] DSCA missions under IRA will generally end when the whole reason why the request was submitted in the first place ceases to exist. [5] Though a request cannot be denied for lack of agreement to, generally requesting jurisdictions should be prepared to reimburse the federal government for use of DoD assets under IRA. [6] There are some exceptions that would require a fact intensive analysis under other federal regulations and statutes.

What Does This Mean for the Emergency Manager?

First, this is not the source of authority that allows for military installations to enter into mutual aid agreements with local civil authorities. These types of mutual aid requests are considered to be “DSCA mutual aid” or “automatic aid” request and governed by DoD Instruction 6055.06 “DoD Fire and Emergency Services Program”. [7] Even under that program, we’re talking basic Fire & Medical first responders to support; not other uniformed personnel or equipment. IRA allows for the uniformed personnel and equipment, such as non-Fire or EMS personnel, aviation assets (such as helicopters) and engineering assets (such as bridges and boats) to possibly be used in a dire needs circumstance. What is important for the Emergency Manager in a military town, is to be sure they know who to talk to in these two circumstances. A good working relationship and talking to the lawyers and Staff Judge Advocates (the Military Commander’s in-house counsel) early can help iron out how and what to do when minutes count.

References

[1] 32 CFR §185.3 (West 2016).

[2] 32 CFR §185.4(c)-(d) (West 2016).

[3] 32 CFR §184.4 (g) (West 2016).

[4] 32 CFR §184.4 (g) (West 2016).

[5] 32 CFR §184.4(g)(2) (West 2016).

[6] 32 CFR §184.4(g)(3) (West 2016).

[7] DoDI 6055.06, DoD Fire and Emergency Services Program, 27 (Dec. 21, 2006). See generally 42 USCA §5195 (2016) (Policy purpose gives the sense that congress intends to allow federal to local mutual aid agreements in some circumstnaces).

United Methodist Church Disaster Response

The United Methodist Church does a lot with disaster response and long term recovery operations. So much, you would wonder why we don’t know more about them.

On Monday night I had the pleasure of listening to Rev. Laraine Waughtal speak about the projects that the Central Texas Conference of the United Methodist Church is doing following so many disasters. To be brief, the presentation was enlightening. I had the opportunity to get a better idea of what the United Methodist Church is doing in response to disasters.

Background

Rev. Laraine Waughtal is the Coordinator of Disaster Response for the Central Texas Conference of the United Methodist Church. The Conference covers a vast area that generally stretches from
Waco, North to Fort Worth, West towards (but not including Abilene), East towards Corsicana, and South into Round Rock. To date, this is one of the more active conferences when it comes to disaster relief efforts (only rivaled by Oklahoma with its frequent tornados and Louisiana with the frequent flooding). The organization is funded by donations from members of and donors to the United Methodist Church. The CTCUMC’s Disaster Relief efforts are receive additional funding and support from the national level United Methodist Committee On Relief (“UMCOR”). Learn more about what UMCOR does on the national and international stage by clicking here.

What is important to note, is that all of the contributions to Disaster Relief efforts made to CTCUMC go directly to those causes. There is only one full-time staff member (Rev. Waughtal) and her salary is paid by the church. All others are volunteers. This means all the donations go straight into running disaster relief operations. This is very important because in many non-profit organizations, there is such an expensive administrative overhead cost that sometimes a good portion of the money ends up going to pay the salaries of the managers or full-time staff to keep the organization running. Sometimes, once an organization gets so large, it becomes a necessary evil. However, some organizations–which have made news headlines–almost spend too much money and time building the organization and lose sight of the mission that started them. Not with CTCUMC’s Disaster Relief mission.

Bringing it Back to the Law

So how does this relate to the law? Easy. Non-profits (including churches) have to deal with the legal aspects of training, liability, insurance coverage, and taxation (yes, they still have to file paperwork to maintain tax-free status). Now how does this apply to emergency management law? If the Church (besides the United Methodist Church) run a clinic, hospital, homeless shelter, food pantry, or other community based operation that is damaged during a disaster; they could be eligible for help from FEMA through the Public Assistance Programs. There are some very stringent qualifications for Public Assistance Projects; however despite these qualifications, having the ability to help get the community program back on track after a disaster can lend a sigh of relief to a non-profit’s leadership facing the prospect of closure.

One of the interesting things is that FEMA does help provide some case management services after a presidential disaster declaration (learn more about FEMA Case Management Grants and Programs here). However, if there is no presidential disaster declaration, it can be left up to the state to take care of the unmet needs of the disaster survivors. An interesting note–not really reported elsewhere–CTCUMC has managed over 600 long term recovery cases (i.e. connecting people with resources) after the West, Texas explosion in 2013. If that is not all the cases that came out of the incident, it is a substantial majority of them. If and when FEMA makes Case Management Grants available to states, the fact that non-profits like the United Methodist Church are providing case management services, means they could possibly be eligible for the grants. Though it would not be much, it would help offset some of the costs associated with caring for volunteers caring for disaster survivors (yes–for those of you who never realized it– volunteers actually come with their own costs).

Take a look at CTCUMC’s Disaster Relief website and some of what they do here.

State Employees Can Take Paid Leave to Volunteer in a Disaster

Texas allows state employees to take paid administrative leave to volunteer with the Red Cross during a disaster.

For many years the state of Texas has allowed for State employees to take paid administrative leave to volunteer with the Red Cross during a disaster. Can’t believe it? It’s true! In fact, It’s written into Texas statute (Tex. Gov’t Code § 661.907). Granted, the code has been expanded over the years, but here’s the upshot: State employees who are certified by the American Red Cross as Disaster Service Volunteer, may take up to 10 days paid administrative leave per year when three conditions are met: (1) at the request of the Red Cross, (2) the employee’s supervisor authorizes it, and (3) the governor approves it. Further, there can only be up to 350 state employees on this paid administrative leave at any one time.

So what does this mean? This means that there is an incentive for state employees to get involved with their community to help themselves and their communities become disaster ready. In my opinion, those who volunteer during disaster response are more likely to be ready when one comes their way. Granted, they aren’t going to be 110% ready, but the mindset will have at least set in once that this could likely happen to them.

The next question becomes: why don’t major corporations do this? The fact is that they likely do to some degree. The question will always boil down to “who is going to pay the workman’s comp if the volunteer gets hurt while on this paid administrative leave?” The Texas Labor Code does allow for Disaster Volunteers to be covered by state workman’s compensation plans if strict time line and conditional requirements are met. Really, it’s going to boil down to what the volunteer’s and the corporation’s insurance carriers think about it.

So next time you’re at the DMV and get really mad at the person behind the counter, realize that they may actually be the same person that comes to help you after disaster strikes.

Texas Adds 20 Counties to the Presidential Disaster Declaration

FEMA released the Presidential Disaster Declaration for 20 more counties Texas impacted by severe weather, tornados, and flooding the state has experienced since May 4th.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency released a statement regarding the Presidential Disaster Declaration for the State of Texas, adding twenty counties. The additional counties include: Bastrop, Blanco, Caldwell, Denton, Eastland, Fort Bend, Gaines, Guadalupe, Henderson, Hidalgo, Johnson, Milam, Montague, Navarro, Rusk, Smith, Travis, Wichita, Williamson and Wise. (This is in addition to Harris, Hays, and Van Zandt counties which received a disaster declaration late last month). As many may know the State has experienced severe storms, tornados, straight-line winds, and flooding since May 4th, and is still ongoing. The declaration makes grants available for temporary housing and home repairs, low-cost loans to cover uninsured property losses and other programs individuals and business owners can use to recover from the disaster’s impacts.

Individual Assistance (Households and Businesses)

The declaration makes grants available for temporary housing and home repairs, low-cost loans to cover uninsured property losses and other programs individuals and business owners can use to recover from the disaster’s impacts. For specifics on what you may qualify for it is important to visit www.disasterassistance.gov or call 1-800621-FEMA (3362). The toll-free number will operate between 7AM and 9PM seven days a week until further notice. Below are summaries of the programs available, it is important to note though, you must apply to FEMA for the assistance, it is not an automatically applied for you.

Rental Assistance for Temporary Housing: Initial assistance may be provided for up to three months for homeowners and at least one month for renters. Assistance may be extended if requested after the initial period based on a review of individual applicant requirements.

Home Repair/Fixture Replacement Grants: Grants for home repairs and replacement of essential household items not covered by insurance to make damaged dwellings safe, sanitary and functional.

Immediate Personal Property Replacement Grants: Grants to replace personal property and help meet medical, dental, funeral, transportation and other serious disaster-related needs not covered by insurance or other federal, state and charitable aid programs.

Unemployment Compensation: Unemployment payments up to 26 weeks for workers who temporarily lost jobs because of the disaster and who do not qualify for state benefits, such as self-employed individuals.

Low Interest Loans for Uninsured Losses: Low-interest loans to cover residential losses not fully compensated by insurance. Loans available up to $200,000 for primary residence; $40,000 for personal property, including renter losses. Loans available up to $2 million for business property losses not fully compensated by insurance.

Low Interest Small Business, Non-Profit & Agricultural Loans: Loans up to $2 million for small businesses, small agricultural cooperatives and most private, non-profit organizations of all sizes that have suffered disaster-related cash flow problems and need funds for working capital to recover from the disaster’s adverse economic impact. This loan in combination with a property loss loan cannot exceed a total of $2 million.

Low Interest Agricultural Property Loss Loans: Loans up to $500,000 for farmers, ranchers and aquaculture operators to cover production and property losses, excluding primary residence.

Other Miscellaneous Assistance: Crisis counseling, income tax assistance for filing casualty losses, legal advice assistance, veteran’s benefits, and social security matters.

Public Assistance

Federal funding has also been made available for some local governments and select non-profits (on a cost sharing basis) for emergency work and repair/replacement of facilities damaged by the severe weather and flooding. Local governments and select non-profits can find out more about application procedures at the federal and state applicant briefings hosted by recovery officials in the near future. Local governments can apply for assistance in:

Cost Sharing of Expenses from Lifesaving Measures Taken: Payment of not less than 75 percent of the eligible costs for emergency protective measures, including direct federal assistance, taken to save lives and protect property and public health. Emergency protective measures assistance is available to state and eligible local governments on a cost-sharing basis.

Cost Sharing of Repair/Replacement of Public Infrastructure: Payment of not less than 75 percent of the eligible costs for repairing or replacing damaged public facilities, such as roads, bridges, utilities, buildings, schools, recreational areas and similar publicly owned property, as well as certain private non-profit organizations engaged in community service activities.

Cost Sharing of Hazard Mitigation Projects During Recovery: Payment of not more than 75 percent of the approved costs for hazard mitigation projects undertaken by state and local governments to prevent or reduce long-term risk to life and property from natural or technological disasters.

Texas Receives Presidential Disaster Declaration

FEMA released the Presidential Disaster Declaration for Texas early this morning due to the severe weather, tornados, and flooding the state has experienced since May 4th.

Early this morning, the Federal Emergency Management Agency released a statement regarding the Presidential Disaster Declaration for the State of Texas (which includes Harris, Hays, and Van Zandt counties). As many may know the State has experienced severe storms, tornados, straight-line winds, and flooding since May 4th, and is still ongoing. The declaration makes grants available for temporary housing and home repairs, low-cost loans to cover uninsured property losses and other programs individuals and business owners can use to recover from the disaster’s impacts.

Individual Assistance (Households and Businesses)

Though damage assessments are ongoing (which may cause more counties to be added to the disaster declaration) the federal assistance programs have been made available for individuals in: (i) Harris, (ii) Hays, and (iii) Van Zandt counties. The declaration makes grants available for temporary housing and home repairs, low-cost loans to cover uninsured property losses and other programs individuals and business owners can use to recover from the disaster’s impacts. For specifics on what you may qualify for it is important to visit www.disasterassistance.gov or call 1-800621-FEMA (3362). The toll-free number will operate between 7AM and 9PM seven days a week until further notice. Below are summaries of the programs available, it is important to note though, you must apply to FEMA for the assistance, it is not an automatically applied for you.

Home Repair/Fixture Replacement Grants: Grants for home repairs and replacement of essential household items not covered by insurance to make damaged dwellings safe, sanitary and functional.

Low Interest Agricultural Property Loss Loans: Loans up to $500,000 for farmers, ranchers and aquaculture operators to cover production and property losses, excluding primary residence.

Other Miscellaneous Assistance: Crisis counseling, income tax assistance for filing casualty losses, legal advice assistance, veteran’s benefits, and social security matters.

Public Assistance

Federal funding has also been made available for local governments and select non-profits (on a cost sharing basis) for emergency work and repair/replacement of facilities damaged by the severe weather and flooding in: (i) Cooke, (ii) Gaines, (iii) Grimes, (iv) Harris, (v) Navarro, and (vi) Van Zandt counties. Local governments and select non-profits can find out more about application procedures at the federal and state applicant briefings hosted by recovery officials in the near future. Local governments can apply for assistance in:

Read the Press Release on the Disaster Declaration here.

Visit FEMA’s Disaster Assistance Website here.

Visit a list of all assistance available for application on diasterassistance.gov here.

Minimizing Liability for Displaced Children Post-Disaster

How can a local agency minimize their liability while caring for children displaced after a disaster? Possibly by shortening the timeframe the children are in their custody.

After a disaster or emergency, families can become separated from each other. This causes a serious issue when trying to protect children from potential neglect and abuse at the hands of one’s own agency. Though claims of abuse can end up unfounded, the mere threat of a lawsuit and the publicity that would follow it would be enough to scar any local government or public safety agency for generations. So how do you minimize the risk the agency is exposed to while trying to reunite families after a disaster? One of the easiest things to do is get the families reunited faster. Now, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCME) has developed a system to assist local agencies with doing just that.

Three systems available to state and local authorities:

1. The National Emergency Child Locator Center

The National Emergency Child Locator Center is activated during presidentially declared disasters. In the event of a natural disaster, the center will: (i) establish a toll-free hotline to receive reports, (ii) create a website to provide information about displaced children, (iii) deploy staff to gather information about displaced children, (iv) provide information to public about additional resources available, (v) partner with law enforcement agencies at various levels, and (vi) refer reports of displaced adults to the Attorney General’s designated authority.

Visit the Site here.

2. The National Emergency Family Registry and Locator System (NEFRLS)

The National Emergency Family Registry and Locator System was established to facilitate the reunification of families separated as a result of a presidentially-declared emergency or major disaster. NEFRLS is a web-based system enables authorities to provide a nationally accessible system that allows displaced adults to voluntarily register and share specific information on their post-disaster well-being or location with specified family members or friends. Registration is voluntary and can be done either online or via a toll-free phone number. No citizenship or immigration status questions are asked when registering.

Visit the site here.

3. The Unaccompanied Minors Registry

the Unaccompanied Minors Registry allows the public to report information related to children who have been separated form their parents as the result of disaster. This tool enables NCMEC to provide assistance to local law enforcement and assist in the reunification of displaced children with their parents or legal guardians. Reporting is done on the NCMEC’s secured (SSL) website and is encrypted.

Visit the site here.

Texas Governor Expands Disaster Declaration

With the continued onslaught of severe weather and rising lakes and streams in the state, the Texas Governor expands the state disaster declaration to 46 counties in the state.

Texas has been experiencing one of the wettest–and most turbulent ones as far as severe weather goes–months since the 1980’s. All the severe weather does come with consequences however. The biggest step in the process of getting any outside aid to an area (especially from the federal level) is a disaster declaration from the State.

State Disaster Declaration Effects:

The State of Texas is limited to providing only in-kind assistance from individual agencies to counties and municipalities encompassed by a disaster declaration. A state disaster declaration comes after the request of a county and municipal emergency managers (County Judge and Mayor respectively). A state disaster declaration does allow for: (i) additional liability protection to government agencies and special/volunteer emergency workers, (ii) implementation of economic stabilization measures (e.g. wage, rent and price controls), (iii) curfews, (iv) access control, (v) implementation of curfews, and (vi) suspension of select codes and ordinances. These measures are only implemented to support response and recovery from a disaster or emergency condition. (i.e. if curfew is not needed, it would not be used).

Federal Disaster Declaration Effects:

The Federal Government is able to provide both in-kind and financial assistance to counties and municipalities encompassed by a disaster declaration. A federal disaster declaration is made by the President of the United States after request by the governor of a state. Federal disaster assistance comes in two forms: (1) Individual/Household Assistance and (2) Public Assistance. Individual/Household Assistance comes in the form of uninsured: medical care and evacuation, emergency shelters, food and clothing, mortgage and rent assistance, job placement, property cleanup and counseling. Public Assistance comes in one of seven different varieties aimed at supplementing available resources and help prevent conditions from developing which a community would not be able to reasonably recover.

Read the Governor’s Declaration here.

The current list of counties is:

Archer
Bastrop
Blanco
Bosque
Bowie
Caldwell
Cass
Clay
Collin
Comal
Cooke
Denton
Dewitt
Eastland
Fannin
Gaines
Garza
Grayson
Grimes
Guadalupe
Harris
Harrison
Hays
Henderson
Hidalgo
Hill
Hood
Houston
Jasper
Johnson
Kendall
Montague
Navarro
Newton
Nueces
Parker
Red River
San Jacinto
Smith
Van Zandt
Walker
Wichita
Williamson
Wilson
Wise
Zavala

Texas House Advances Bill to Establish Regional Search and Rescue Teams

With only two weeks left, the Texas House Advances a bill establishing search and rescue response teams in each of the Texas disaster response regions.

With two weeks left in the legislative session, the Texas House of Representatives advanced a bill establishing regional search and rescue teams to the floor vote. The next phase is for the bill to be considered by Senate Committee hearings and a vote by the full senate before moving to the governor for action.

This bill represents one of the only disaster management related legislative actions to advance from committee this legislative cycle. HB 1970 (defining a new disaster victim lighted identification system), 2376 (relating to the creation of a disaster relief fund), and 4085 (relating to state disaster declarations are made) were either withdrawn from the schedule or left pending in committee.

The State of Texas currently operates six field response regions. The state expects for this bill to have no impact on local government fiscal requirements, while adding nine state employees to administer the program and provide training to local entities. The concept behind this program would be to synchronize training and coordination among individual volunteers and volunteer organizations instead of creating a new organization of full-time employees.

With an estimated initial investment in 2016 of $12.5 Million into starting the program (equipment, facilities, hiring, and initial training), it is estimated that approximately $1.6 million will be spent annually on upkeep.

– Will

Read the State Committee Report here.

Sen. Schumer asks FCC to change law to allow Amtrak Police and Local Police to communicate

Current FCC regulation treats Amtrak Police as railroad personnel and not as Law Enforcement, making them unable to communicate with local law enforcement personnel via radio in case of emergency.

The history of railway security goes beyond the civil war to the protecting of gold shipments from the West coast to the East coast through the territories. As time progressed, railway corporations became responsible for providing their own security during transit. Today, many state penal codes (including Texas) recognize railway police as a separate and specialized form of law enforcement organization.

U.S. Senator Charles Schumer has asked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to change a regulation which treats Amtrak Police as railroad personnel rather than law enforcement personnel. Though subtle, this treatment prohibits Amtrak police from having radio communication with local law enforcement and emergency management personnel in the event of an emergency on an Amtrak train passing through the jurisdiction.

The Amtrak Police Department’s over 500 sworn and civilian personnel at 30 locations in 46 states provide security for Amtrak employees, passengers and infrastructure safety and security. The Police Department consists of a: National Communications Center, Patrol Division, and Special Operations Division. The Special Operations Division consists of a K-9 Unit, Intelligence, Special Operations Unit, and Counter-Terrorism Unit.

As we develop our communications annex’s, ensuring the ability to communicate with adjacent agencies in an emergency can be the difference between life and death. Modifying FCC regulations allowing radio communication between Amtrak police and local police and emergency management will help ensure interoperability in the event of an emergency situation. The important thing is that once the FCC modifies existing regulations, is that law enforcement agencies and emergency management organizations amend their communications procedures to include Amtrak Police and the Amtrak Police National Communications Center.

– Will

Read the full article here.

Visit the Amtrak Police Department’s Web Site here.

Family Wants Changes to Operating Procedures

A Firefighter’s Widow is calling upon the City of Dallas to make changes to the way things are done to help protect other firefighters, which may eventually cause changes to Emergency Operating Procedures.

Stanley Wilson, 51, died May 20, 2013, when he was crushed inside a collapsing condo during a six-alarm fire in northeast Dallas. His death prompted strife within the department, and answers were slow to come out. A 703-page draft report obtained by The Dallas Morning News reported issues with the deputy chief’s orders during the blaze, and cited a “culture of indifference” among firefighters to policies and procedures at the fire department.

Jenny Wilson has been asking for changes to be made to training and for fire-ground communications to be recorded. Though she is prevented from filing a lawsuit since her husband died in the line of duty, she is still seeking to have changes made at the city in an attempt to prevent this from happening to another family in the future.

How might this effect Emergency Management? Though the Emergency Manager isn’t directly responsible for making the changes Jenny Wilson is asking for, it is important to be aware of them. A change in the way incident response is done might very well change some of the Emergency Operating Procedures, documentation requirements during a disaster, and even the way the Emergency Operations Center functions. Also, even if this issue fades into the background, a disaster might bring it back to the forefront. This means Emergency Managers need to ensure their PIO’s are ready to deal with the issue.

Read the Dallas Morning News’ Full Article: Here

See the State Fire Marshall and City of Dallas’ Incident Reports: Here

– Will

DoD Immediate Response Authority

Though there are a plethora of issues surrounding use of the Military in a disaster; under the Immediate Response Authority, military commanders are allowed to provide limited assistance in life-threatening situations for limited durations.

What Is the Immediate Response Authority?

What Does This Mean for the Emergency Manager?

References

United Methodist Church Disaster Response

The United Methodist Church does a lot with disaster response and long term recovery operations. So much, you would wonder why we don’t know more about them.

Background

Bringing it Back to the Law

State Employees Can Take Paid Leave to Volunteer in a Disaster

Texas allows state employees to take paid administrative leave to volunteer with the Red Cross during a disaster.

Texas Adds 20 Counties to the Presidential Disaster Declaration

FEMA released the Presidential Disaster Declaration for 20 more counties Texas impacted by severe weather, tornados, and flooding the state has experienced since May 4th.

Individual Assistance (Households and Businesses)

Public Assistance

Texas Receives Presidential Disaster Declaration

FEMA released the Presidential Disaster Declaration for Texas early this morning due to the severe weather, tornados, and flooding the state has experienced since May 4th.

Individual Assistance (Households and Businesses)

Public Assistance

Minimizing Liability for Displaced Children Post-Disaster

How can a local agency minimize their liability while caring for children displaced after a disaster? Possibly by shortening the timeframe the children are in their custody.

1. The National Emergency Child Locator Center

2. The National Emergency Family Registry and Locator System (NEFRLS)

3. The Unaccompanied Minors Registry

Texas Governor Expands Disaster Declaration

With the continued onslaught of severe weather and rising lakes and streams in the state, the Texas Governor expands the state disaster declaration to 46 counties in the state.

State Disaster Declaration Effects:

Federal Disaster Declaration Effects:

Texas House Advances Bill to Establish Regional Search and Rescue Teams

With only two weeks left, the Texas House Advances a bill establishing search and rescue response teams in each of the Texas disaster response regions.

Sen. Schumer asks FCC to change law to allow Amtrak Police and Local Police to communicate

Current FCC regulation treats Amtrak Police as railroad personnel and not as Law Enforcement, making them unable to communicate with local law enforcement personnel via radio in case of emergency.

Family Wants Changes to Operating Procedures

A Firefighter’s Widow is calling upon the City of Dallas to make changes to the way things are done to help protect other firefighters, which may eventually cause changes to Emergency Operating Procedures.

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